Bentonite, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaano bentonite, waa macdan dhoobo ah oo leh montmorillonite oo ah qaybta ugu muhiimsan, iyo ka kooban yahay kiimiko waa mid deggan, oo loo yaqaan "dhagaxa caalamiga ah".
Guryaha bentonite waxay ku xidhan yihiin montmorillonite, iyadoo ku xidhan waxa ku jira montmorillonite.Marka la eego xaaladda biyaha, qaab dhismeedka crystal of montmorillonite waa mid aad u fiican, iyo qaabkan gaarka ah ee kristal fiican ayaa go'aaminaya in uu leeyahay sifooyin aad u fiican, sida kala firidhsan sare, ganaax, bentonability, adhesion, adsorption, cation sarrifka, iwm. Sidaa darteed, bentonite. waxaa loo yaqaan "kun nooc oo macdan ah", waxaana si weyn looga isticmaalaa gudaha iyo dibaddaba qashinka bisadaha, pellets metallurgical, tuurista, dhoobada qodista, daabacaadda dunta iyo midabaynta, caag-samaynta, warqad-samaynta, bacriminta, sunta cayayaanka, hagaajinta ciidda, qallajinta. waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo, daawada cadayga, sibidhka, warshadaha dhoobada, nanomaterials, kiimikooyinka aan organic iyo beeraha kale.
Khayraadka bentonite ee Shiinaha ayaa ah mid aad u qani ah, waxana uu daboolayaa 26 gobol iyo magaalooyin, kaydkaasina waa kan ugu horreeya adduunka.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, bentonite ee Shiinaha ayaa si degdeg ah u horumaray, codsigiisuna wuxuu gaadhay 24 beerood, iyada oo wax soo saarka sannadlaha ah in ka badan 3.1 milyan oo tan.Laakiin waxaa jira darajooyin hoose oo aad u badan, iyo in ka yar 7% ee alaabta heerka sare ah.Sidaa darteed, horumarinta alaabta qiimaha sare leh ayaa ah mudnaanta koowaad.Si xoog leh u kobcinta alaabada bentonite ee qiimaha sare leh waxay heli kartaa soo celin qiimo sare leh, oo iska ilaali qashinka qashinka, hadda, bentonite waxay leedahay kaliya 4 qaybood oo qiimo sare leh, taas oo ah in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho.
1. Montmorillonite
Kaliya montmorillonite saafi ah ayaa si buuxda u isticmaali karta hantideeda ugu wanaagsan.
Montmorillonite waxa laga nadiifin karaa bentonite dabiiciga ah oo buuxiya shuruudaha qaarkood, montmorillonite waxa loo isticmaalay qaybaha teknoolajiyada sare sida daawada iyo quudinta noocyo kala duwan oo madax banaan oo ka baxsan bentonite.
Qeexida Shiinaha ee alaabta montmorillonite maaha mid la mid ah, taas oo inta badan keenta mugdiga alaabta montmorillonite.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira laba qeexitaan oo ah alaabta montmorillonite, mid waa qeexida alaabta montmorillonite ee warshadaha macdanta aan birta ahayn: montmorillonite ka weyn 80% dhoobada dhoobada waxaa loo yaqaan montmorillonite, sida montmorillonite desiccant, iwm., nuxurka alaabta. waxaa inta badan tayo ahaan tiro ahaan lagu qiyaasaa habab ay ka mid yihiin nuugista buluugga, iyo darajada wax aan ka badnayn bentonite-nadiifinta sare;Midda kale waa qeexida montmorillonite ee dhinaca cilmi baarista iyo cilmi baarista, wax soo saarkeeda inta badan waxaa lagu qiyaasaa tayada XRD iyo habab kale, taas oo ah montmorillonite macnaha dhabta ah, kaas oo buuxin kara shuruudaha montmorillonite ee daawada, qurxinta. , cuntada iyo warshadaha kale.Montmorillonite-ka lagu sifeeyay maqaalkan waa badeeco montmorillonite heerkan ah.
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daawada
Montmorillonite (Montmorillonite, Smectite) waxaa lagu daray Maraykanka Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia iyo Yurub Pharmacopoeia, ur aan lahayn, wax yar oo dhoobo ah, aan xanaaqin, wax saameyn ah kuma laha habdhiska dareenka, neefsashada iyo wadnaha, oo leh awood adsorption wanaagsan, awoodda isdhaafsiga biyaha iyo biyaha. nuugista iyo awoodda ballaarinta, saamaynta adsorption wanaagsan ee Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus iyo rotavirus iyo bile cusbada, iyo sidoo kale saamayn go'an on bakteeriyada bakteeriyada.Kahortagga shubanka waa mid degdeg ah, sidaa darteed diyaargarowgeeda ayaa si ballaaran loogu isticmaalaa waxqabadka kiliinikada.Waxa u dheer diyaarinta, montmorillonite APIs sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaalaa isku-darka daroogada iyo ka-faa'iidooyin ahaan diyaarinta sii-deynta joogtada ah.
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa daawada xoolaha iyo caafimaadka xoolaha
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhaqashada xoolaha, badeecada waa in la nadiifiyaa, waa in la go'aamiyaa in aan sun ahayn (arsenic, mercury, lead, ashlenite kama dhaafaan heerka caadiga ah), isticmaalka tooska ah ee bentonite ceyriinka ah ee daroogada ayaa waxyeelo u geysan doonta xoolaha .
Montmorillonite waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa taranta xoolaha, dhibcaheeda kululna waxay ku dhawaad dhammaan ku urursan yihiin ilaalinta mindhicirka iyo shubanka, quudinta ka saarista caaryada, hemostasis iyo anti-bararka, iyo dayactirka deyrka.
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa qurxinta
Montmorillonite waxay si wax ku ool ah u saari kartaa oo u nuugi kartaa qurxinta haraaga ah, wasakhda wasakhda ah iyo saliidda xad-dhaafka ah ee xadhkaha maqaarka, waxayna soo saartaa saliidda xad-dhaafka ah, way sii dayn kartaa, waxay dedejin kartaa daadinta unugyadii hore ee dhintay, waxay isku keentaa daldaloolo xad-dhaaf ah, waxay iftiiminaysaa melanocytes, waxayna hagaajinaysaa midabka maqaarka.
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa beerashada shrimp crystal, nadiifin karaa biyaha, ma beddeli doonto qiimaha pH ee biyaha, bixiyaan nafaqo macdanta, waxay leedahay saamayn caddayn on shrimp crystal, iyo waa lagama maarmaan in la kor qaado shrimp crystal.
Montmorillonite waxa loo isticmaalaa cunto lagu daro iyo emulsifier cuntada, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa cunto dhimis;Waxay ka dhigi kartaa casiirka miraha iyo casiirka sonkorta oo cad oo balaadhisa;Jilciyaa biyaha adag.Waxa loo isticmaali karaa sida wax lagu daro khudradda, iyada oo lagu beddelayo waxyaalihii dhaqanka ahaa ee xayawaanku beddeleen sida borotiinka iyo jelatin.
Montmorillonite waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida khamriga cad, nano montmorillonite wuxuu leeyahay xayeysiis weyn oo dusha sare ah iyo interlayer wuxuu leeyahay sifooyinka kharashka joogtada ah, wuxuu si wax ku ool ah u xayeysiiyaa borotiinka, pigments macromolecular iyo walxaha kale ee si togan loo dallaco oo soo saaro agglomeration, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida khamriga. , Khamriga khudradda, casiirka miraha, maraqa soyka, khalka, khamriga bariiska iyo caddaymaha iyo daawaynta xasilinta.Natiijooyinka tijaabada: nanomontmorillonite ma beddelo muuqaalka, midabka, dhadhanka iyo sifooyinka kale ee khamriga, khamriga miraha iyo cabitaannada kale, waxaana si dabiici ah loo kala saari karaa iyada oo la quusayo sababtoo ah saamiga aan la milmi karin ee biyaha.
Habka codsiga: ku dar cadeeyaha khamriga nano-montmorillonite ilaa 3-6 jeer qadarka biyaha si aad si buuxda u bararaan, walaaq slurry, ka dibna ku dar khamriga si loo daaweeyo iyo alaabta kale walaaq oo si siman loo kala firdhiyo, ugu dambeyntiina shaandh si aad u hesho jidh khamri cad oo dhalaalaya.
Nano montmorillonite caddeeyaha khamriga waxaa loo isticmaalay caddaynta khamriga in ka badan 50 sano, taas oo ah mid aad u ammaan ah oo la isku halleyn karo, waxayna leedahay saameyn caawiye ah oo ku saabsan ka hortagga iyo xakamaynta "burburka birta" iyo "browning" khamriga.
2. bentonite organic
Guud ahaan, bentonite organic (amination) waxaa lagu helaa iyadoo lagu daboolayo bentonite ku salaysan sodium oo leh cusbo amine organic ah.
Bentonite organic waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa khad rinjiga, qodista saliidda, buuxinta firfircoonida polymer iyo meelaha kale.
Bentonite organic waa wakiilka gelling waxtarka leh ee dareeraha organic.Ku darista xaddi badan oo bentonite organic ah nidaamka dareeraha ah ee dareeraha ah waxay si weyn u saameyn doontaa rheology-ga, kororka viscosity, isbeddelka dareeraha, nidaamkuna wuxuu noqdaa thixotropic.Organic bentonite waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa rinjiyada, daabacaadda khadadka, saliidaha, waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo iyo qaybo kale oo badan oo warshadaha si loo xakameeyo viscosity iyo socodka, samaynta wax soo saarka fudud, xasilloonida kaydinta iyo waxqabadka wanaagsan.In xabagta epoxy, xabagta phenolic, asphalt iyo resins kale synthetic iyo Fe, Pb, Zn iyo taxane kale oo rinji midabka, waxa loo isticmaali karaa sidii kaaliyaha ah anti-dejinta, iyada oo awood u leh inay ka hortagto midabka hoose agglomeration, iska caabin daxalka, daahan dhumucdiisuna. iwm;Loo isticmaalo khadyada ku salaysan dareeraha waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida wax lagu daro si dhumucdiisuna ay u hagaajiso viscosity iyo joogtaynta khadadka, looga hortago faafinta khad, iyo hagaajinta thixotropy.
Organic bentonite waxaa loo isticmaalaa qodista saliidda waxaana loo isticmaali karaa dhoobo saliid ku salaysan iyo wax lagu daro si loo kordhiyo joogteynta dhoobada, hagaajinta kala firdhisanaanta dhoobada iyo joojinta.
Organic bentonite waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii buuxinta caagga iyo qaar ka mid ah alaabada caaga ah sida taayirada iyo go'yaasha caagga ah.Organic bentonite waxa loo isticmaalaa sidii caag ka samaysan, taas oo ah tignoolajiyada cusub ee sideetamaadkii, waxaana aad looga isticmaali jiray dalalkii hore ee CIS, Maraykanka, Ingiriiska iyo wadamo kale.Saddex sano oo cilmi baaris iyo horumarin ah ka dib, machadka cilmi-baarista ee Shirkadda Warshadaha Kiimikada ee Jilin waxay si guul leh u horumarisay habka farsamada ee soo saarista bentonite organic (sidoo kale loo yaqaan bentonite modified)Alaabooyinka waxaa lagu tijaabiyay Huadian, Jilin, Changchun, Jihua iyo warshado kale oo taayir ah, saameyntuna waa mid cajiib ah, ma aha oo kaliya nolosha adeegga taayirada ayaa la kordhiyaa, laakiin sidoo kale qiimaha wax soo saarka taayirrada ayaa si weyn loo dhimay.Bentonite-ka dabiiciga ah ee caagga ah (bentonite oo wax laga beddelay) waxa aqoonsaday oo soo dhaweeyay shirkado caag ah, awoodda suuquna waa mid aad u weyn.
Nanoscale organic bentonite waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa wax ka beddelka nano ee caagadaha sida naylon, polyester, polyolefin (ethylene, propylene, styrene, vinyl chloride) iyo resin epoxy si loo hagaajiyo caabbinta kulaylka, xoogga, xidhashada caabbinta, gaaska gaaska iyo cuf gaar ah.Codsiga ee bentonite organic nano-scale in caag waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa nano-wax ka beddelka alaabta caagga ah, hagaajinta cidhiidhi hawada, jiidashada fidinta go'an iyo xidhashada iska caabin, iska caabin daxalka, iska caabin cimilada iyo caabbinta kiimikada.Polyurethane elastomer/montmorillonite nanocomposites iyo EPDM/montmorillonite nanocomposites ayaa si wanaagsan loo darsay.
Nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (lagu daray oo si sahlan loo kala firdhiyey) waxaa laga samayn karaa nano-scale organic bentonite/polymer masterbatch (la beddelay oo si fudud u kala firdhiyey), iyo nano-scale bentonite/polymer masterbatch waxa lagu dari karaa caag ama elastomer si loo diyaariyo nano-bentonite elastomer thermoplastic composite, kaas oo dardar gelin kara horumarinta nano-thermoplastic elastomer.
3. bentonite cad sare
Beentonite cad oo sarreeya waa sodium-nadiifin sare leh (calcium) oo ku salaysan bentonite oo leh caddaan ugu yaraan 80 ama ka badan.Cadaanka sare ee bentonite waxa uu ka faa'iideystaa cadaannimadiisa waxana uu caan ku yahay dhinacyo badan sida wax soo saarka kiimikaad ee maalinlaha ah, ceramics, waraaqaha samaynta, iyo dahaarka.
Alaabooyinka kiimikaad ee maalinlaha ah: bentonite cad cad oo saabuun ah, budada dhaqida, saabuunta sida jilciye dharka, jilciye, nuugaya wasakhda milmay, ka hortagga ururinta qolofka iyo haraaga dusha sare ee dharka, hoos u dhig dhigaalka zeolite ee dharka;Waxay ku hayn kartaa wasakh iyo qaybaha kale ee dhexdhexaadiyaha dareeraha ah ee xannibaadda;Waxay adsorbeysaa saliidaha iyo wasakhda kale, waxayna xitaa isku ururin kartaa bakteeriyada.Waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida wakiilka jelling ee daawaynta cadayga iyo isqurxin, oo bedeli kartaa wakiilka dhumuc iyo thixotropic ee dawada cadayga dibadda laga keeno --- synthetic magnesium aluminium silicate.Natiijooyinka imtixaanku waxay muujinayaan in dawada cadayga ee sare ee bentonite ee leh montmorillonite ka kooban> 97% iyo caddaan 82 ay tahay mid jilicsan oo toosan, viscosity tensile ee koollada waa 21mm, koollada ayaa leh dhalaal wanaagsan ka dib marka la buuxiyo.Ka dib 3 bilood oo meelayn joogto ah heerkulka sare ee 50 digrii, koollada waa la kala qaybiyaa, midabkuna waa isbeddel, dawada cadayga asal ahaan waa dhegdheg, ma jiro granulation iyo afka qalalan, iyo tube aluminium gebi ahaanba aan daxal ahayn, iyo dusha koollada waa siman oo jilicsan.Ka dib 5 bilood oo heerkul sare ah iyo 7 bilood oo ah heerkulka qolka fiirsashada iyo kormeerka, daawada cadayga ayaa la kulma heerka cusub ee daawada cadayga, waxaana loo isticmaali karaa sidii alaabta ceeriin.
Ceramics: White bentonite waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida buuxinta caaga ah ee dhoobada, gaar ahaan alaabta u baahan caddaan sare ka dib sintering.Sifooyinkeeda rheological iyo ballaadhintu waxay siinayaan caagagga dhoobada dhoobada ah iyo xoogga kordhay, halka ay dejinayso joojinta biyaha ee koollada, halka ay ku dheggan qallalan ay bixiso xoog ku xidhid sare iyo foorarsi iska caabin ah alaabta dhamaadka dubay.glazes dhoobada, bentonite cad ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa sidii balaastiiste iyo dhumuc, siinta xoog, balaastiig iyo ku dheggan sare ee dhaldhalaalka iyo taageerada, door bidaan kubad-shiidid.
- Sameynta waraaqaha: Warshadaha waraaqaha, bentonite cad waxaa loo isticmaali karaa buuxinta macdanta cad ee kala duwan.
- Dahaarka: nidaamiyaha viscous iyo buuxinta macdanta cad ee daahan, kaas oo qayb ahaan ama gebi ahaanba bedeli kara titanium dioxide.
- Beddeliyaha istaarijka: samee xasiloonida kaydinta oo isticmaal waxqabadka si ka wanaagsan.
- Intaa waxaa dheer, bentonite cad ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa dhejisyo heer sare ah, polymers, rinji.
4. dhoobo granular ah
dhoobada Granular waxaa laga sameeyaa dhoobo firfircoon sida alaabta ugu muhiimsan ee daaweynta kiimikada, muuqaalku waa mid aan qaabaysanayn granular yar yar, waxay leedahay meel sare oo gaar ah marka loo eego dhoobada firfircoon, waxay leedahay awood sare oo xayeysiis ah, oo si ballaaran loogu isticmaalo warshadaha petrochemical nadiifinta udgoonka, kerosene duulista. sifaynta, saliidda macdanta, saliidda xoolaha iyo khudradda, sifaynta dareere dareere organic, sidoo kale loo isticmaalo sifaynta saliidda, sal saliid, naaftada iyo saliidda kale, ka saar olefins haraaga ah, xanjo, asphalt, nitride alkaline iyo wasakh kale ee saliidda.
Dhoobada Granular sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida qallajiye qoyaan ah, daroogada gudaha alkali detoxifier, fitamiin A, adsorbent B, saliidda saliidda saliidda saliid, diyaarinta wajiga wajiga uumiga, iwm, iyo sidoo kale waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sida alaabta ceeriin polymerization heerkulka dhexdhexaad kicinta iyo wakiilka polymerization heerkulka sare.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, aan sun ahayn, ka-soo-bax la'aan, nuugista saliidda yaryar, iyo dhoobo granular ah oo loo isticmaali karo midabaynta saliidda la cuni karo iyo sifaynta waa meel kulul oo baahida loo qabo.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-20-2022